მსოფლიო სავალუტო წესრიგი: სავალუტო გლობალიზაციიდან სავალუტო გეოპოლიტიკამდე
ანოტაცია
სტატიაში განხილულია საკითხები, რომლებიც დაკავშირებულია მსოფლიო სავალუტო წესრიგის ტრანსფორმაციასთან, რომელშიც აშშ დოლარი, როგორც გლობალური სარეზერვო ვალუტა, მსოფლიო ვაჭრობაში ლიდერ პოზიციაზე იყო წარმოდგენილი. სავალუტო გლობალიზაცია და სავალუტო გეოპოლიტიკა არა იმდენად გამორიცხავს, რამდენადაც ავსებს ერთმანეთს. სხვადასხვა ისტორიულ პერიოდებში, როგორც წესი, უპირატესი როლი ერთ-ერთ მათგანს - ან სავალუტო გლობალიზაციას, ან სავალუტო გეოპოლიტიკას აქვს. ახალი მსოფლიო სავალუტო წესრიგი სავალუტო გლობალიზაციისა და სავალუტო გეოპოლიტიკის იმგვარი კომბინაცია იქნება, რომელშიც სავალუტო გეოპოლიტიკას უპირატესი როლი შეიძლება ჰქონდეს.
წყაროები
Amadi L. (2020). “Globalization and the Changing Liberal International Order: A Review of the Literature.” Research in Globalization, Vol. 2, December, <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590051X20300046>.
Ardalan K. (2012). “Globalization and World Order: Four Paradigmatic Views.” Journal of Globalization Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1, <https://www.sociostudies.org/journal/files/jogs/2012_1/039-054.pdf>.
Arslanalp S., Eichengreen B., Simpson-Bell C. (2024a). “Dollar Dominance in the International Reserve System: An Update.” IMF Blog, June 11, <https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2024/06/11/dollar-dominance-in-the-international-reserve-system-an-update>.
Arslanalp S., Eichengreen B., Simpson-Bell C. (2024b). “The Stealth Erosion of Dollar Dominance: Active Diversifiers and the Rise of Nontraditional Reserve Currencies.” IMF Working Papers, WP/22/58, March 24, <https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2022/03/24/The-Stealth-Erosion-of-Dollar-Dominance-Active-Diversifiers-and-the-Rise-of-Nontraditional-515150>.
BBC (2024). “What Are the Sanctions on Russia and Have They Affected Its Economy?” BBC, February 23. <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60125659>.
Bleicher J., Lipsky J. (2024). “The Geopolitical Imperative to Upgrade the Dollar.” Project Syndicate, June 24, <https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/swift-alternatives-could-undermine-american-national-security-interests-by-jordan-bleicher-and-josh-lipsky-2024-06>.
Boocker S., Conner A., Wessel D. (2024). “Why Do the US and Its Allies Want to Seize Russian Reserves to Aid Ukraine?” The Brookings Institution, October 25, <https://www.brookings.edu/articles/why-do-the-u-s-and-its-allies-want-to-seize-russian-reserves-to-aid-ukraine/>.
Born D., Krys C. (2023). “What If – the US Dollar Loses Its Status as the World’s Reserve Currency?” Roland Berger, July 28, <https://www.rolandberger.com/en/Insights/Publications/What-if-the-US-dollar-loses-its-status-as-the-world-s-reserve-currency.html>.
Cilliers J. (2023). “BRICS+ and the Future of the US Dollar.” ISS Today, August 25, <https://issafrica.org/iss-today/brics-and-the-future-of-the-us-dollar>.
Cohen B. J. (2003). The Geopolitics of Currencies and the Future of the International System. Santa Barbara, Department of Political Science, University of California at Santa Barbara, <https://escholarship.org/content/qt5pc0p3rc/qt5pc0p3rc_noSplash_0e7860dabbb306c69267f17c25bf08af.pdf?t=krnd8e>.
Demertzis M., Lipsky J. (2023). “The Geopolitics of Central Bank Digital Currencies.” Intereconomics, Review of European Economic Policy, Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 173–177, <https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2023/number/4/article/the-geopolitics-of-central-bank-digital-currencies.html>.
den Besten T., Di Casola P., Habib M. M. (2023). “Geopolitical Fragmentation Risks and International Currencies.” European Central Bank, June, <https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/other-publications/ire/article/html/ecb.ireart202306_01~11d437be4d.en.html>.
Dsouza V. (2024). “BRICS Settle 65% Trade in Local Currencies & Not the US Dollar.” Watcher Guru, October 15, <https://watcher.guru/news/brics-settle-65-trade-in-local-currencies-not-the-us-dollar?fbclid=IwY2xjaw F8Qqxle HRuA2 FlbQIxMQABHZtlgey_z5_u-eWJaacuE81OOwhDwp 5bDtBmRASColRj GQpCNbEd_WW_xw_aem_N9niShP3BCFcNn1NTw8EbQ>.
Eichengreen B. (2024). “The BRICS Currency Charade.” Project Syndicate, November 14, <https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/ brics-kazan-summit-futile-common-currency-effort-by-barry-eichengreen-2024-11?utm_source =Project+ Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=d520987fb5-sunday_newsletter_11_17_2024&utm_ medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8-d520987fb5-93567601&mc_cid=d520987fb5&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0>.
Eichengreen B., Mehl A. J., Chitu L. (2017). “Mars or Mercury? The Geopolitics of International Currency Choice.” NBER Working Papers, No. 24145, December, <https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w24145/w24145.pdf>.
Fofack H. (2024a). “The Dollar Is Everyone’s Problem.” Project Syndicate, August 9, <https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/us-dollar-is-a- problem-for-rich-and-poor-countries-by-hippolyte-fofack-2024-08>.
Fofack H. (2024b). “The Eclipse of the Petrodollar.” Project Syndicate, June 27, <https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/fate-of-the-petrodollar- future-of-currency-diversification-by-hippolyte-fofack-2024-06>.
Ghani S. (2023). “Geo-Economics of Currency Wars and the Renminbi.” Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), July 17, <https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/ geo-economics-of-currency-wars-and-the-renminbi-135824>.
Graham N., Tran H. (2024). “Dedollarization Is Not Just Geopolitics, Economic Fundamentals Matter.” Atlantic Council, January 22, <https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/econographics/ sinographs/dedollarization-is-not-just-geopolitics-economic-fundamentals-matter/>.
Greene R. (2024). China’s Dollar Dilemma. Washigton DC., Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October, <https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/ static/files/Greene_China%20Dollar_final.pdf>.
Hasnain S. A. (2024). “Strategic Patience: A Currency for Today’s Geopolitics.” The New Indian Express, September 9, <https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/ 2024/Sep/09/strategic-patience-a-currency-for-todays-geopolitics>.
Hutagalung S. (2024). “De-Dollarization: Are We Witnessing the End of US Dollar Supremacy?” Eurasia Review, October 3, <https://www.eurasiareview.com/03102024-de- dollarization-are-we-witnessing-the-end-of-us-dollar-supremacy-oped/>.
Jegarajah S. (2024). “China Has Grand Ambitions to Dethrone the Dollar. It May Make a Powerful Move this Year.” CNBC, October 24, <https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/24/petro-yuan-china-wants-to-dethrone-dollar-rmb-denominated-oil-contracts.html>.
Koosakul J., Zhang L., Zia M. (2024). “Geopolitical Proximity and the Use of Global Currencies.” IMF Working Papers, September 6, <https://www.imf.org/ en/Publications/WP/Issues/2024/09/06/ Geopolitical-Alignment-and-the-Use-of-Global-Currencies-554242>.
Liu Z. Z., Papa M. (2022). Can BRICS De-Dollarize the Global Financial System? Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, <https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge ore/content/view/ 0AEF98D2F232072409E9556620AE09B0/ 9781009014625AR.pdf/can_brics_dedollarize_the_global_financial_system.pdf>.
OneSafe Content Team (2024). “Crypto and Geopolitics: A Complicated Relationship.” OneSafe, October 1, <https://www.onesafe.io/blog/geopolitical- tensions-impact-crypto-markets>.
Papava V. (2022a). “On the Main Challenges of the Architecture Transformation of the World Economy.” Eurasia Review, March 31, <https://www.eurasiareview.com/ 31032022-on-the-main-challenges-of-the-architecture- transformation-of-the-world-economy-oped/>.
Papava V. (2022b). “Pandemic, War and Economic Sanctions: From Turbulent to Confrontational Globalization.” Eurasia Review, May 23, <https://www.eurasiareview.com/ 23052022-pandemic-war-and-economic-sanctions-from- turbulent-to-confrontational-globalization-oped/>.
Papava V. (2024). “World Monetary Order: From Currency Globalization to Currency Geopolitics.” Eurasia Review, November 21, <https://www.eurasiareview.com/ 21112024-the-world-monetary-order-from- currency-globalization-to-currency-geopolitics-oped/>.
Pistilli M. (2024). “How Would a New BRICS Currency Affect the US Dollar?” Nasdaq, November 6, <https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/how-would-new-brics-currency-affect-us-dollar-updated-2024>.
Rodrik D. (2011). The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy. New York, W. W. Norton & Co.
Rodrik D. (2022). “A Better Globalization Might Rise from Hyper-Globalization’s Ashes.” Project Syndicate, May 9, <https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/ after-hyperglobalization-national-interests- open-economy-by-dani-rodrik-2022-05?barrier= accesspaylog>.
Sachs J. (2024). “The Perils and Promise of the Emerging Multipolar World.” Common Dreams, June 6, <https://www.commondreams.org/opinion/emerging-multipolar-world>.
Shalal A. (2024). “US Dollar’s Dominance Secure, BRICS See No Progress On De-Dollarization.” Reuters, June 25, <https://www.reuters.com/ markets/currencies/us- dollars-dominance-secure-brics-see-no-progress-de- dollarization-report-2024-06-25/>.
Wheatley J., C. Smith. (2022). “Russia Sanctions Threaten to Erode Dominance of US Dollar, Says IMF.” Financial Times, March 31, <https://www.ft.com/content/3e0760d4-8127-41db-9546-e62b6f8f5773>.
Weiss C. (2022). “Geopolitics and the U.S. Dollar’s Future as a Reserve Currency.” Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, International Finance Discussion Papers, No. 1359, October, <https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/ifdp/files/ifdp1359.pdf>.
Yoshimori M. (2024). “Can The Euro Or Renminbi Really Challenge The US Dollar?” Fair Observer, October 8, <https://www.fairobserver.com/economics/can-the-euro-or-renminbi-really-challenge-the-us-dollar/#>.
Yu J., Xing X., Shen W. (2022). “Strengthened China-Saudi Ties Raise Prospects for Use of Yuan in Oil Settlement.” Global Times, December 8, <https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202212/1281416.shtml>.
