The Influence of Social Media on Public Opinion and Information Reliability: Contemporary ICT Challenges and Achievements

Abstract

In the 21st century, social media is one of the main information and communication phenomena, significantly influencing public opinion. Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, and YouTube provide youth with opportunities for communication, self-expression, creativity, and rapid information access. However, social media also increases the risk of disinformation, hinders critical thinking, may have psychological impacts, and creates information bubbles where users receive content that confirms their existing beliefs.

This paper presents an analytical review of both international and Georgian experiences. The positive and negative effects of social media are examined, as well as the role of ICT in ensuring information reliability and supporting fact-checking processes. Recommendations are provided for reducing irresponsible social media use.